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Stem Cell Treatment Alternative to Transplant Surgery?

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Ahmedabad, 18 September 2025 — A clinic in Gujarat called Cell Star (Celleste Stemcell Therapy and Research), led by Dr. Divyang Patel, claims to have helped patients avoid major surgeries like liver transplants and knee replacements using special stem cell treatments. Below are important findings from the medical literature that support or relate to these claims, point by point.

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Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: What Studies Show

Several clinical trials and meta-analyses have found that stem cell therapy for liver cirrhosis can improve liver function. For example, using patients’ own bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), researchers saw better levels of albumin, bilirubin, and clotting factors after treatment. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and Child-Pugh score (which doctors use to measure how bad liver disease is) also got better in many cases.
One study followed patients for up to 24 weeks (about six months) after a single or repeated stem cell infusion. Improvements were seen as early as 2-4 weeks, especially in liver enzyme tests and blood clotting ability.
Some studies also found that delivering stem cells through the hepatic artery (which goes directly to the liver) seems to give better results than simpler routes (like the peripheral vein). More of the injected cells reach the liver this way.
Long-term benefits include improved survival. One large study showed that patients who got peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation had better 5-year survival than similar patients who got standard medical therapy.
Safety: Most studies report mild side effects, such as temporary fever, local pain, or chills. Serious adverse events are rare. No consistent evidence that stem cell therapy increases the risk of cancer in liver cirrhosis patients compared to controls.

Knee Degeneration and Joint / Cartilage Repair: What We Know

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), taken from bone marrow, fat tissue, umbilical cord, or other sources, are being used in research to try to repair or regenerate cartilage in the knees. Cartilage is the smooth tissue that cushions joints, and when it’s damaged or worn out (as in osteoarthritis), pain and stiffness result.
Early human clinical trials show promise: some patients who get stem cell injections into or near their knee report less pain, better mobility, and in some cases, slower degeneration of cartilage. But results vary based on how bad the damage is, the age of the patient, how many stem cells are used, and how they are delivered.
There are studies combining stem cell therapy with scaffolds (support structures) or growth factors that help direct the stem cells to rebuild cartilage. Animal experiments show cartilage defects heal better when such combined treatments are used.
Challenges: Cartilage has a low blood supply, so healing is slow. Also, the joint environment (inflammation, mechanical stress) can be harsh. Getting enough stem cells to the right place and making them survive and turn into cartilage are still hard problems.

About “Higher Cell Reach” and Treatment Protocols

It is true in many studies that only a fraction of injected stem cells reach the damaged organ or tissue. Researchers are trying different routes (arterial vs venous vs portal) and methods (multiple injections, cell preconditioning) to increase this. The studies support that better delivery routes (like the hepatic artery for the liver) improve cell delivery and better outcomes.
There is also research into ways to “boost” stem cell effectiveness: for example, using growth factors, or combining with ultrasound to promote differentiation (turning into the right type of tissue), as seen in cartilage repair studies.
But “100% reach” or “perfect results” are not yet proven. Most studies show improvements, but not always complete recovery. So claims of “no surgery needed” are hopeful and in some cases supported, but need strong evidence, follow-ups, imaging, etc. Many trials are small in size or short in duration.

What Hasn’t Been Fully Proven / Potential Risks

Not every patient responds the same. Age, severity of disease, secondary conditions (like infections, diabetes), and how far the damage has progressed all affect outcome. Sometimes patients see only partial improvements.
Long-term outcomes beyond 1-2 years are less studied. Some markers improve, but whether those improvements last for many years, especially without reverting or degrading, still needs more data.
Safety: Short-term safety is good in many studies. But long-term safety (risks like abnormal growths, immune reactions) needs more follow-up.
Cost, regulation, consistency: Stem cell therapy is still expensive and not always approved by major regulatory bodies everywhere. Also, protocols vary a lot between clinics (how cells are harvested, how many cells, how delivered), which makes comparing results hard.

Relation to What Cell Star Claims

Putting together what’s found in the research and what Cell Star claims, here are some matched observations:

The reports of liver function improving and avoiding transplant are plausible, based on what others have seen in studies of autologous (from the patient) or umbilical stem cell therapies. What helps is a strong protocol, enough cells, good delivery, and follow-ups.
The knee recovery claim also fits with studies: some patients are able to avoid knee replacement if the degeneration is not too advanced, if they get early treatment, if cartilage is still somewhat present, and if inflammation is managed.
The claim that more cells reach the damaged organ is in line with published data: better routes (arterial, portal) or direct delivery can improve cell delivery. But whether the protocol used by Cell Star is truly “much higher” or “world’s first” would need published evidence (case studies, imaging, independent verification).
The idea of customised treatment (tailored to age, disease stage) is consistent with what works in many trials: one size does not fit all.

In summary, stem cell treatments have a strong foundation in research showing notable improvements in liver disease and joint degeneration. There is good support for avoiding transplants or joint replacement in certain cases. But there are still uncertainties: how to reliably get enough cells to the target, long-term outcomes, and assurance that improvements are permanent.